Saudi Arabia achieves potato self-sufficiency, expands frozen shipments, processing industry

Potato cultivation began in Saudi Arabia in the mid-1970s with the authorities support. In 1975, the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture introduced the Saudi Potato Development Program through a bilateral partnership with the Netherlands.

In 2025, MEWA and GASTAT set out local production of 623,770 tons from 17,064 hectares. Varieties grown for fresh consumption and processing include Spunta, Cara, Diamond, Mondial, Tyson, and Lady Olympia.

The first begins in September, with harvesting from January to February, while the second starts in December-January, with harvesting from May through June. However, production is concentrated in the central and northern regions, including Riyadh, Hail, Al-Jouf, Qassim, and Tabuk. Potatoes are generally cultivated in sandy soils, while groundwater availability has driven the adoption of irrigation technologies.

Key factors driving Saudi Arabia toward fresh potato self-sufficiency include the Saudi Potato Development Programme launched in 1975, a bilateral partnership with the Netherlands, and the adoption of advanced irrigation technologies. Second are the two annual growing seasons, and third is government support through strategic programs.

Together, these efforts have enabled the kingdom to largely meet domestic needs. Furthermore, the government balances potato production with water conservation goals by regulating overseas sales from areas with vulnerable water reserves.

Therefore, export eligibility is assessed based on hydrological conditions. Overseas sales from the Eastern Province, Al-Jouf, and the Northern Borders are prohibited to protect water reserves.

MEWA as well regulates fresh potato exports through permits and estate registration requirements. Meanwhile, around 60% of domestic production is used as table potatoes for households and restaurants.

During the cultivation season, MEWA typically restricts inbound shipments and exports of fresh potatoes to protect domestic production. Restrictions are lifted during the off-season, when special import and export permits apply.

Inbound shipments have eased as domestic production has went up. That said, specialty potatoes, including red and baby potatoes, may have opportunities in the expanding fine-dining, five-star hotel, and resort sectors. Overall, the trade demonstrates a successful blend of agricultural growth push and environmental preservation.

The administration’s commitment to water conservation and sustainable agriculture will continue to shape the sector’s development and trade policies.